海带森林中捕食者——加州两点章鱼的猎物依赖性摄食行为,Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

捕食者已经进化出多种行为方式来捕获和处理猎物。在鞘状头足类动物中，章鱼已经发展出与肢体过度冗余相关的动态运动。作为沿海海洋食物网中重要的中掠食者，许多种类的章鱼主要是通才，以各种各样的无脊椎动物和脊椎动物猎物为食。尽管章鱼的饮食范围很广，但很少有研究考察章鱼针对猎物类型的行为。我们通过进行对照喂养试验来比较猎物类型如何影响章鱼的喂养行为，在试验期间，我们记录了加利福尼亚双斑章鱼（Octopus bimaculoides，Pickford & McConnaughey，1949）捕食固着猎物（Protothaca staminea）和活跃猎物（厚眼鱼）。我们发现猎物类型对章鱼的身体方向、手臂选择和眼睛使用没有影响，但对进食序列中的时间事件、所使用的攻击类型和攻击运动学有显着影响。当章鱼以蛤为食时，与以蟹为食时相比，章鱼向猎物移动并与猎物首次接触的潜伏期较短，攻击决策和猎物处理时间较长，攻击速度和加速度较慢。在蛤试验中，章鱼在第一次接触和攻击时倾向于将右眼朝向猎物，但在螃蟹试验中，没有眼睛偏向。在所有试验中，眼睛的使用似乎会影响每种猎物类型的手臂选择。最后，我们报告了加州两点章鱼之前未描述的行为：

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Prey-dependent feeding behavior in a kelp-forest mesopredator, the California two-spot octopus

Predators have evolved a diverse behavioral repertoire to capture and handle prey. Within coleoid cephalopods, octopuses have developed dynamic movements associated with limb hyper-redundancy. As important mesopredators in coastal marine food webs, many species of octopuses are predominantly generalists, feeding on a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate prey. Despite their broad diets, few studies have examined the behavioral repertoire of octopus with respect to prey type. We compare how prey type may affect octopus feeding behavior by conducting controlled feeding trials during which we recorded California two-spot octopuses (Octopus bimaculoides, Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949) predating on a sessile prey (Protothaca staminea) and an active prey (Pachygraspus crassipes). We found that prey type had no effect on octopus body orientation, arm choice, nor eye use, but did have a significant influence on the timing events within a feeding sequence, the type of attack used, and attack kinematics. When feeding on clams, octopuses exhibited a shorter latency to move towards prey and make first contact with prey, longer attack decision and prey handling times, and slower attack speed and acceleration compared to when feeding on crabs. Octopuses tended to orient their right eye towards the prey for both first touch and attack during clam trials but during crab trials there was no eye bias. In all trials, eye use appeared to influence arm choice within each prey type. Finally, we report a previously undescribed behavior in the California two-spot octopus: a sinusoidal locomotory pattern that precedes the attack and was observed more commonly for crabs.